These challenges include the negative effects of climate change, land degradation, desertification, and water scarcity on food production systems, the susceptibility of food production projects to slowdown, failure, and loss, and the need to replace traditional methods with modern technical ones. Other challenges include a lack of skills and expertise in food investment projects, low productivity and weak attention to food quality and safety, high rates of poverty and malnutrition, the need for new farming systems such as smart farms and digital farms, and the negative impact of high population growth rates and low food production rates on food security.